泛污名化:风险社会信任危机的一种表征

Pan-Stigmatization:a Characterization of the Crisis of Confidence in a Risk Society

在当代中国社会急剧转型过程中,污名现象渐趋严重,出现了污名现象不断增多、污名对象不断泛化、污名内容逐渐多样、污名关系愈加交错复杂的泛污名化趋势,并同时呈现出一般污名、交错污名、内隐污名、突发污名与常态污名并存、公众污名与自我污名相分离等新特性。究其根源,在于社会转型期个体风险日益增大,且现代社会高度分工下的知识隔离使个体对风险的认知能力和决策能力相对弱化,同时陌生人社会中的价值冲突、信息化的张力等因素也共同加剧了不信任的转移与扩散,进而促进了泛污名现象日趋严重。

In the rapid process of social transformation, stigma is becoming a serious phenomenon. There has appeared a pan -stigmatization trend, specifically including that stigma phenomenon increase; stigmatized ob- jects are constantly generalized; stigmatized contents are gradually varied; the stigma relations become even more staggered and complex. And at the same time, pan -stigmatization also shows new features： general stigma, staggered stigma, implicit stigma, the sudden stigtrm with normal stigma coexist, public stigma and self - stigma separation. These are due to that individuals need to take an increasing number of risk during the social transition, and a high degree of division of labor in modem society brings to knowledge isolation, weak- ening individuals＂ cognitive ability and decision -making ability to the risk. Meanwhile, factors, like value conflicts in stranger society and tension of information technology, increase the transfer and diffusion of dis- trust, contributing to a serious pan- stigmatization tendency.