列宁晚年对政党精英权力制约与监督的思考

Lenin's Reflection on the Restriction and Supervision of Elite Power from the Party in His Late Years

苏俄国内战争结束后,随着国际共产主义运动的变化和国内新经济政策的推行,以及俄共(布)一党专政政党制度的确立,政党精英集团内部凸显诸多矛盾与冲突,产生了新的执政隐患。列宁从政党精英素质、高层集权、领袖分歧、领导权交替四个方面深刻反思了俄共(布)政党精英的现状,通过采取既防个人专断、又防党内分裂,加强集体领导、扩大党内民主,进行党政分工、加大监察力度的实践探索,对无产阶级政党精英进行有效制约与监督。

After the Soviet - Russian Civil War ended, many problems, contradictions and conflicts within the part elite group appeared with the establishment of one -party dictatorship. Lenin examined this sys- tem in the four fields of elite quality, senior centralization, leaders＇differences and alternating leadership. Lenin＇s measures include prevention of personal arbitrary action and split within the party, strengthening leadership, enhancing democracy within the party and so on so that elites from proletariat party may be restricted and supervised.