心灵超越及其历程——庄子哲学之本体论解读

Spirit Transcendency and Its Journey:The ontological interpretation of Chuang-tzu's Philosophy

人的生命存在及其超越是庄子哲学的核心问题。此问题必须在哲学本体论和工夫论上的双向统一中才能得到透彻理解。在"道"本体论视域下,庄子透视了人的现实生命之存在境遇及其限制,并基于此开始了追寻生命本真意义的心灵超越之旅。此超越之旅表现为其在理论和实践上的双向展开。在理论上,心灵的超越经历了三个层面:通过以流溯源的回溯和以源定流的观照,实现天对人的超越,到达自然之境;通过形上对形下的超越,实现"心"对于"形"以及"德"对于"命"的超越,到达自由之境;最后,心与道合一,到达"道通为一"的自得之境。在实践上,其通过直觉体验、理性觉悟、理想人格之感悟等功夫,最终实现心灵之真正逍遥。

The existence and transcendence of human life is the key problem in Chuang - tzu＇ s philoso- phy. This problem must be thoroughly understood from the unity of ontology and work theory. In the on- tology of Dao, Chuang - tzu showed the difficulty and limitations of human life. Bsaed on this, he started the process of spirit transcendency. In order to pursue the true meaning of life, human spirit must stripped and dissolved various restrictions layer by layer. The spirit transcendence journey unfolded in two - ways： theory and work practice. In theory, spirit transcendence experienced three levels ： through trac- ing stream back to source, man -made state to natural state, achieve natural realm; through physical to metphysical, transcend from body to spirit, fate to virtue, reach the realm of liberty; the last, spirit en- tered the state of Dao Tong Wei Yi, achieve the self- satisfied realm. In work practice, through self- cultivation effort such as intuitive nally realize the real happy of the experience, rational Consciousness, life. ideal personality apperception, fi-