抗战时期国民政府青康藏边区交通建设刍议——以康青公路和青藏公路为中心的历史考察

On Traffic Development in Qingkang-Tibetan Border Area by KMT Government During the Anti-Japanese War——A Historical Investigation into Kangqing and Qingzang Roads

太平洋战争爆发后,随着日军大举进攻东南亚地区和中国军队缅北作战的失利,途经云南通往缅甸的国际援华运输线滇缅公路完全被阻断,滇西边防告急,于是位于中国西部边陲的康青藏地区的战略地位迅速突显。国民政府为了开辟新的备用国际交通线、加强国防建设和推动藏区社会经济发展,遂饬令交通部相继赶筑了川康、康青、青藏、青新等公路的部分路段,并提出了养护公路的方案。因诸多原因,这些公路粗通试车后旋即废弃,在民国后期再未有机动车辆通行其上。但抗战时期国民政府青康藏边筑路活动开启了藏区现代化交通建设的先河,这对加强康青藏边同祖国内地的联系和区域社会经济的长远发展不无裨益,亦为新中国成立后藏区交通建设奠定了基础。

Immediately after the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japanese army launched massive .attacks on Southeast Asia and Chinese army suffered a setback in the north of Burma, Dianmian road, the transportation line via Yunnan to Burma for international aid to China, was completely blocked and the border defense in the west of Yunnan was gravely threatened. As a result, the strategic position of Xikang-Qinghai-Tibetan border area was swiftly foregrounded. In order to open up a spare international transportation line, It strengthen the national defense construction and promote social and economic development in Tibet, KMT Government directed Ministry of Communications to build parts of Chuankang, Kangqing, Qingzang and Qingxin roads in succession and lay down road maintenance and protection scheme. Due to various reasons, these roads were deserted after their trial traffic service, and in the late Republic of China, no vehicles moved on them. However, the trafiqc development in Qingkang-Tibetan border area by KMT Government during the Anti-Japanese War has strengthened the tie between Qingkang-Tibetan border area and inland area, laid a foundation for transportation construction in Tibetan area after the establishment of New China and in the long ran, benefited the regional social and economic development.