《论语》中的文章与文学

"Wen Zhang" and "Wen Xue" in the Analects

通过对《论语》中"文章"与"文学"二词的分析,本文尝试表明:至少在《论语》营造的语境中,"文章"乃指称先王的政治制度,这套政治制度最终来自于先王对"性与天道"的认识。"文学"为"文章之学",由孔子首次提出。之所以要提出"文学",与春秋时期官学破败有极大关系,孔子搜集先王典章编撰"六经"并以此教徒,正是为了保存和赓续先王之道。可以说,"文学"与"文教",正是孔子作为素王经世的方式。

Through an analysis of ＂Wen Zhang＂ and ＂Wen Xue＂ in the Analects, this article tries to demonstrate that at least in the context of the Analects, ＂Wen Zhang＂ refers to the political institution of the late kings which ultimately comes from their recognition of ＂human nature and Dao. ＂ As Confucius first proposes, what is called ＂Wen Xue＂ is actually the ＂learning of Wen＂. That Confucius puts forward ＂Wen Xue＂ is closely related to the decline of public education in Spring and Autumn periods. It is for preserving and continuing Dao of the late kings that Confucius devotes himself to collecting classics of the late kings and editing the Six Classics with which he instructs his disciples. So to speak, ＂Wen Xue＂ and ＂Wen Jiao＂ as a whole is right the way in which Confucius as an uncrowned-king runs the state.