自然语流中韵律词时长分布对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of the Duration of Chinese Prosodic Words

文章根据冯胜利对汉语韵律词的划分,从语言的声学角度上对不同结构单音节、双音节和三音节韵律词在自然语流中的时长分布进行了对比分析,结果表明在单音节韵律词中感叹词时长最大,单音节+轻声构成的单音节韵律词中首字的时长次之,并列使用的四个单音节韵律词中首字时长最大,尾字其次;在双音节韵律词中首字的时长均高于尾字,在五种双音节韵律词中总时长以感叹语最长,复合式次之;在三音节韵律词中,首音节最长,尾音节次之,中字最短。对比单、双、三音节韵律词总时长,发现韵律词的总时长与音节的个数关系不大,而与语义紧密度和情感关系更大。

The present study investigates the duration of Chinese prosodic words with different structures in daily conversation. Prosodic words with respectively one, two and three syllables were tested. The definition of syllable words is based on the one provided by Feng Shengli. Study of the one-syllables prosodic words shows that exclamatory words have the longest duration, the first syllable of words with one syllable plus a whispered syllable comes second and of the prosodic words with four parallel syllables the first syllable is the longest and the last comes second. Investigation of two-syllable prosodic words indicates that first syllables are always longer than the second and the exclamatory words have the longest sum duration of the five type two-syllable prosodic words. Analysis of the three-syllable words reveals that the first syllables are the longest, the middle the shortest. Comparison of prosodic words with different number of syllables proves that the sum duration of prosodic words is not proportional to the number of syllables but related to the semantic aspect of the word and the emotion that the word conveys.