深化高考内容改革 提高学生的批判性思维能力——以高考生物学科批判性思维试题模式研究为例

Deepening the Reform of the Content of College Entrance Examination and Improving the Students' Creative Thinking——Take as an Example the Research on the Test Mode of Examining Students' Critical Thinking in the Biology Discipline

批判性思维在教育和评价领域越来越受到重视。通过对生物学科高考批判性思维类试题的考察表明,在国内外高考考查批判性思维类试题的设计中,论据和论点是两个核心要素,论点和论据之间必须有清晰的内在联系,这是这类试题的不变要素和不变关系。但是,论点和论据在试题中的呈现形式是可以变化的。不变的要素和不变的关系以及可变的呈现形式构成了这类试题的基本模式。这类试题模式为命题者提供了广阔的创作空间,也显示出了该类试题模式本身的魅力。

Critical thinking is being paid more and more attention to in the fields of education and evaluation. A sur- vey of test questions examining the critical thinking in the biology discipline in the College Entrance Examination shows that in the design of such test questions, evidence and statement are the two core elements which are the invariable ele- ments and there must be a clear internal relationship between the statement and evidence, which is the invariable relation- ship. However, the forms of presentation of statement and evidence are variable. Invariable elements and invariable rela- tionships as well as the variable forms of presentation make up the basic pattern of such test questions. This kind of mode provides a wide space of creation for test compilers and shows the charm of the test mode itself.