陕北吴堡话构词法的考察

Review of Word Formation Methods in Wubu Dialect of Northern Shaanxi

陕北吴堡话属于晋语吕梁片,其构词法既体现了晋语的共同特征,又有自己的独特之处。本文考察吴堡话中几种重要的构词方式:分音词;圪头词及其同类词语;其他词缀及派生词;四字格。考察中发现,吴堡话前缀"一、不"、后缀"气"等都是相当能产的词缀;在方言四字格中,有一些特别能产的"词套子"。

Wubu dialect belongs to Luliang branch of Shanxi dialect. Its word formation methods not only indicate the common characteristics of Shanxi dialect, but also has its own distinctive elements. A review is made of the several important word formation methods in Wubu dialect, namely sound-divided words, words beginning with ke and those of similar category, other affixes and derivatives, and four-character pattern. It is found in the review that the prefixes such as ＂yi and bu＂, suffixes such as ＂qi＂ are considerably productive affixes. As for the four-character pattern in the dialect, there are some highly productive ＂word casings＂.