老年安全与养老保险制度改革——以世代公平为中心

Old Age Security and the Reform of the Endowment Insurance System——Focused on the Intergenerational Equity

人口老化导致养老保险的财务恶化程度越来越严重,老年安全保障面临危机,养老保险制度改革已成为各国热议的话题。鉴于养老保险具有世代间扶养的实质意义,在改革的总体方向上,不是彻底放弃世代间的团结互助,而是以更为贯彻的世代契约为改革的理念基础。为避免因保费与给付的不公平而引起世代间的对立,应将老年化带来的社会负担公平分配于不同世代。以此为出发点,可以考虑采取以下对策:推迟退休年龄、引入生育因素及导入基本收入制度等,减少养老保险制度瓦解的风险。

Aging results in the increasingly financial difficulties of the endowment insurance system.The ＂crisis＂ of old age security has been discovered and the reform of the endowment insurance system has become one of important issues around the world.The intergenerational dependency nature of the endowment insurance requires that the overall direction of reform does not completely abandon intergenerational aid,but persistently implement the intergenerational contract.In order to avoid the intergenerational conflict originated from the disproportionate relationship between premiums and pensions,it is necessary to distribute the social burdens to different generations.For the purpose of reducing the collapse risk of the endowment insurance system,it is advisable to take some measures,such as prolonging retirement ages,considering the fertility factor,and introducing fundamental income system.