宋代士人的休闲之境--宋代士人日常生活哲学描述

On the Song Dynasty Scholar-officials' Leisure Realm:The Philosophical Description of the Song Dynasty Scholar-officials' Everyday Life

宋代士人日常生活哲学,突出表现在仕隐之间、政治出处的生存智慧和徜徉于林泉之乐、园林之境的休闲境趣。不同于汉唐士人的功利进取的人生旨趣,也与之后元明清士人的世俗休闲相异,宋代士人的休闲境界蕴藉了深刻的日常生活哲学内涵。一方面,宋代士人开始自觉地追求闲适、自然的生活,他们通过远游山水,亲近林泉,构建私人园林,游戏文墨等方式展现出潇洒飘逸而又极具才情的休闲生活;同时,在这种看似玩弄风月的生活方式下,休闲的人生诉求包涵了士人对政治出处、显隐、得失,以及对人生情性之道、人生意义与价值乃至宇宙天地意识的深入思考和体悟。因此,宋代士人的休闲文化具有一种宇宙人生意识的深度与社会日常生活的雅趣,这是后代元明清士人休闲文化所不能同日而语的。

The philosophy of the Song dynasty scholar-officials' everyday life is mainly manifested in their wisdom of survival(such as to be an official or not,and to advance or to retreat in the political field),their leisure realm and interests in wandering over the forest and landscape gardens.Unlike the Han and the Tang dynasties scholar-officials whose objective was utilitarian and aggressive,as well as the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties scholar-officials,the Song dynasty scholar-officials had a leisure realm that indicated a philosophical meaning of everyday life.On the one hand,the Song dynasty scholar-officials began consciously to pursue leisure,comfortable and natural life.It shows the style of leisure life that they enjoyed mountains and rivers,built private landscape gardens,wrote and read literatures,and so on.On the other hand,the leisure life appeal indicates how they understood and thought about political advance and retreat,gain and loss,the truth of 'Qing' and 'Xing',the meaning and value of life,and even the consciousness of the universe.Therefore,the Song dynasty scholar-officials' leisure culture contains the depth of the consciousness of the universe and life,and a kind of elegant taste.On this point,the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties scholar-officials were not to be compared in the same breath with them.