外部性、运输网络与城市群经济增长

Externality , Transport Network and the Economic Growth of Megalopolises

利用网络分析工具和新经济地理理论对新古典区域经济增长模型进行修正,通过对交易费用的细分构建外部性和运输网络下的城市群经济增长模型,并利用1990—2008年中国部分城市数据和向量自回归模型(VAR)进行实证检验,得出以下结论。在运输网络影响下,中心城市依靠要素集聚获得增长,非中心城市快速接近中心城市。运输网络的改善,将加速中心城市的要素集聚。同时,在保留部分新增要素的情况下,增加节点集聚系数,降低非中心城市间的运输成本,利于非中心城市对外部性的应用,加速其经济增长,促进与中心城市的协同增长。因此,在建设交通运输基础设施时,不仅要重视非中心城市与中心城市的互联互通,更要重视非中心城市间的相互联结。

This article uses network analysis tools and new economic geography theory to modify the neo-classical model of regional economic growth, establishes an economic growth model of urban clusters based on externalities and transport networks through a differentiation of transaction costs, and uses the 1990-2008 data of some Chinese cities and the VAR model to test the model. Our empirical study shows that under the influence of transport networks, central cities rely on factor agglomeration for growth, while peripheral cities catch up quickly; that improved transport networks expedite the factor agglomeration of central cities; and that when some newly-added factors are reserved, increasing the node clustering coefficient and reducing peripheral cities' transport costs will promote these cities' application of externalities, expedite their economic growth, and facilitate the coordinated growth of central and peripheral cities. Therefore, in building the transport infrastructure, equal emphasis should be placed on linking central cities with peripheral ones and on linking peripheral cities with each other.