移植与融会:民国时期社会学理论体系构建的美国学术渊源

The American Academic Origin Formation of Sociological Theoretic System in the Period of the Republic of China

民国社会学理论体系的构建始于20世纪20年代后期,至30年代日臻完善。孙本文等留美归国社会学家融会美国20世纪初新兴社会学理论,构建起以社会行为为研究对象、以社会文化分析为基础的完整社会学理论体系。20世纪初,分别以芝加哥大学和哥伦比亚大学为研究中心的社会行为分析与文化社会学理论在美国日渐兴盛。前者注重结合社会环境,考察人们外在行为;后者借鉴文化人类学方法,注重研究社会文化。民国社会学者对美国两种社会学理论多取融会贯通之意,并力图有所创新。其所构建的社会学理论体系虽极具美国学术印记,但就将美国社会行为分析、文化社会学理论整合为一个理论整体而言,具有相当创新性。

The core of the sociological theory in period of Republic of China is that sociological researching object is social behavior;sociological studying basis is social cultural analysis.This sociological theory was advanced by the sociologists who had studied sociology in USA,basing on synthesizing the American newborn sociological theories,such as social behavioral analysis,cultural sociologists.The theory of social behavioral analysis whose researching base is University of Chicago advocates that sociology should investigate people's exterior behavior.Cultural sociology whose studying center is Columbia University advocates that sociology should investigate social culture,borrowing the method of American cultural anthropology.Although there are many American academic impressions in sociological theory in period of Republic of China,the sociologists strived to improve American sociological theories so as to form Chinese own sociological theoretic system.