论双务合同中给付义务的牵连性

The Synallagma of Duty of Performance in Bilateral Contracts

双务合同中,当事人所负的给付义务不是独立存在的,而是具有牵连性,亦即目的性的相互依赖性。所谓发生上的牵连性是对合同义务存在或不存在的不准确的表述,不应被确认为牵连性的表现形式。功能上的牵连性是指合同义务在执行中的牵连性,其制度表现包括履行顺序的确定、同时履行抗辩、不安抗辩、特定履行等。条件上的牵连性是指在一方的给付义务消灭的情况下,对方的对待给付义务亦可归于消灭。此种牵连性是法定解除制度的学理基础。

Duty of performance of the parties in bilateral contracts is not independent, but synallagmatic, i.e. , mutu- ally dependent in purpose. The so called genetic synallagma incorrectly describes the existence or non - existence of con- tractual duties, and should not be recognized as a manifestation of synallagma. Functional synaUagma means synallagma of contractual duties in implementation. It embodies in the institutions such as determination of order of performance, defence of unperformed contract, defence of uncertainty, specific performance etc. Conditional synallagma means, when one party＂ s duty vanishes, the other party＇ s duty may also vanish. This kind of synallagma is the theoretical basis of legal termination regime.