论实行行为的概念

The Concept of Perpetrating Act

实行行为的概念,作为主张要成立犯罪,首先必须存在该当于特定构成要件之行为的理论,一直以来支配着日本的犯罪论。实行行为,除了作为结果犯中的因果关系的起点行为,被定位于构成要件要素之外,在未遂犯论以及正犯、共犯论中亦发挥着重要作用。然而,近年,实行行为概念受到质疑,甚至有学说倡导实行行为不要说,主张构建不包括实行行为概念的犯罪论。该学说批判,此前的实行行为概念将实行行为本身化为"黑匣子",是在并未明示实质性价值判断的情形下直接推导出结论,并且,在此概念之下,对于因果关系论、未遂犯论、正犯与共犯论的问题浑然一体地进行研究,有碍于解决这些问题所必需进行的分析性探讨。本文通过回应该批判观点所提出的问题,再次验证实行行为概念的存在意义,进而主张该概念的重要性与必要性。

The concept of perpetrating act always dominates the Japanese crime theory, which suggests that the exist- ence of such behavior consisted of constitutive requirements is the premise for the establishment of crime. Perpetrating act is not only defined as a constitutive element and the starting behavior of consequential offense＇s causal relationship, but also plays a significant role in the attempted offense theory, the principal offender theory and the joint offense theory. However, in recent years, the concept of perpetrating act has been questioned. Even some theories support the rid of the perpetrating act theory, which argue for the establishment of a new crime theory without this concept. This theory criticizes that the pre- vious concept of perpetrating act treated itself as a black box, which deduces the conclusion directly in the case of without expressing the substantive value judgment. Furthermore, in line with the concept, the integrated study of the causality, at- tempted offense, principal offender and joint offense theory blocks the necessarily analytic exploration of solving these prob- lems. This paper validates the significance of the existence of perpetrating act again by responding to the questions which are proposed by the Critical opinions and then advocates the importance and necessity of the concept.