清代满城的修建与特点

On Features of Mandarin Cities in Qing Dynasty

清前期,满城大多于旧城中圈出一片界址修筑;雍正以后多建于大城之外。由此将满城分为城中满城和城外满城。满城修建具有以下特征:综合考虑政治军事、地理环境、财政经济状况确定满城选址;满城的修建耗时较长,并经精心规划、周密安排;满城有宽厚城墙,城内军事、生活设施一应俱全;部分满城在清后期城址或规模有所改变。

In early Qing Dynasty, Mandarin cities were mostly built on places which were separated from old cities. Af- ter Emperor Yongzheng, such cities were mostly built out of big ones. Thus, Mandarin cities can be divided into inner ones and outer ones. The building of them was characterized by comprehensive consideration of military, geographic and economic fac- tors in choice of building places, long construction time, careful plans, thick city walls, all facilities for military and living pur- poses, and some changes in places and scales in late Qing Dynasty.