日本土壤环境保护立法研究

A Study on Japan's Legislation of Soil Environmental Protection

日本土壤环境保护立法经历了农业用地土壤污染防治法制建设、土壤污染环境标准设定、城市土壤污染防治法制建设和放射性物质污染环境防治法制建设等四个阶段。日本土壤环境保护立法形成了以《环境基本法》为中心,以农业用地土壤污染防止与净化、城市土壤污染防止与净化、与土壤污染相关的环境标准以及放射性物质污染土壤防止与净化为核心内容的立法体系。日本在土壤污染保护立法过程中积累了丰富的经验,完善的土壤环境保护立法体系、科学的土壤污染环境标准、及时应对突发土壤环境污染事件法律制度等,对我国制定土壤环境保护法具有重要参考价值。

Japan＇s legislation of soil environmental protection has experienced four stages, namely, the construction of legal systems to control farmland soil pollution, the setting of standards to measure soil pollution, the construction of legal systems to control urban soil pollution and the construction of legal systems to control radioactive pollution. Now Japan＇s legislation of soil environmental protection has born a legislation system with Basic Environmental Law as the center. The core content of this legislation system covers the prevention and abatement of farmland soil pollution, urban soil pollution and radioactive soil pollution as well as a series of environmental standants related to soil pollution. During the legislative process of soil environmental protection, Japan has achieved rich experience, a perfect legislation system of soil environmental protection, scientific standards to measure soil pollution and laws to promptly handle accidental soil environmental pollution, which are of a high reference value for China to formulate the soil environmental protection law.