明中后期商业出版的大众传播属性与文化的下移

Mass Communication and Attributes in Commercial Publishing In dustry and Cultural Moving Down in Mid and Late Ming Dynasty

明中后期出版的商业化使其具备了大众传播的某些属性,引发了大众文化的兴起和传播,打破了两千多年来精英文化居于绝对霸权地位的一元化、单线性的文化生态模式,促进了文化的多元化与知识的下移,使明中后期形成了"主流文化"(以程朱理学为主体)、"非主流文化"(以启蒙思潮为主体)和"市民文化"三足鼎立、多元共存的文化生态格局,这无论在传播史还是在思想文化史上都具有重要的意义。而这一切都印证了明代中后期的社会已经蕴含着近代的因子,昭示着明中后期已经开始了由传统向近代的转型。

The commercialization of the cation in mid and late Ming Dynasty, publishing industry adopts some attributes of mass communigiving rise to mass culture and its transmission as well as breaking the centralization and linear cultural ecological pattern of the hegemony of elite culture in the past two thousand years, promoting cultural diversification and moving down of knowledge and forming the tripartite cultural ecological situation of ＂mainstream culture＂（with CHENG and ZHU Con- fucian School as the main body）, ＂non-mainsteam culture＂ （with enlightenment idea as the main body） and ＂civil cuhure＂. This is important not only to history of transmission, but also to history of ideas and culture and it shows there are modern factors even in mid and late Ming Dynasty and in the transformation from traditional to a modern society.