流畅状态的认知干预:目标设置

The Cognitive Intervention for Flow State through Goal Setting

目标设置与流畅状态间存在着中高级的相关,这一关系很可能是源于目标设置的认知功能。以2min5点定点投篮(篮球)作为活动任务,以修订的中文版《特质流畅量表-2》和《状态流畅量表-2》作为测量工具,采用2(目标定向:自我/任务定向)×3(目标难度:容易/中等难度/困难)实验设计,探讨目标定向和目标难度对流畅状态的影响。结果表明:实验后,实验组受试的特质流畅和状态流畅得分显著高于控制组受试:目标定向对特质流畅和状态流畅的主效应均达显著水平,任务定向高于自我定向;目标难度对特质流畅和状态流畅的主效应均达到显著水平,中等难度目标优于容易目标和困难目标。

There exists a moderately strong relationship between goal setting and flow state, which may come from the cognitive function of the goal setting. This paper, based on a series of set shots taken from 5 different locations within 2 minutes, uses the Chinese version of the Trait Flow Scale-2 and the State Flow Scale-2 as measurement tools to determine the effect of goal orientation and goal difficulty on flow state in basketball. The study is designed as a 2 （goal orientation： ego and task orientation） x 3 （goal difficulty： easy, moderate, and hard） model. The experiment shows that scores for trait flow and state flow are significantly higher for the experimental groups than for the control group; goal orientation has a main effect on both trait flow and state flow with task-oriented goals better than ego- oriented goals. Goal difficulty has also a main effect on both trait flow and state flow, with moderately difficult goals better than easy or hard goals.