堆焊用无渣自保护药芯焊丝的耐磨性与环保性

Wear resistance and environmental protection of slag-free self-shielded flux-cored wire for hardfacing

文中在焊接领域率先将节能减排作为开发新型焊接材料的重点考虑内容,研制出一种环境友好、性能优异的无渣自保护药芯焊丝。该焊丝硬度在HRC58～68范围,显微组织由M_7C_3型碳化物和NbC碳化物,共晶M_3C型碳化物及Fe-Cr基体组成。无渣自保护药芯焊丝与目前常用的手工焊条或CO_2气体保护堆焊相比,节约了大量的能耗。无渣自保护药芯焊丝中不含矿物粉,因此在烘粉过程中无需500℃×6 h热处理工序;堆焊1t焊接材料时所消耗电能为47.27 kW,仅为其它两种常规方法的一半。与其它两种传统方法相比,每堆焊1t焊丝,减少废渣排放150～350 kg;减少CO_2气体排放208 718～301 482 L;减少烟尘排放7～13 kg,减少金属飞溅物50～100 kg。

One new type of slag-free self-shielded flux-cored wire was developed,which was environment-friendly and high-quality.The hardness of hardfacing alloy was in the range of HRC58～68.The microstructure consists of primary NbC and M_7(C,B)_3 carbides and eutectic M_3C carbides in the Fe-Cr matrix.By comparison with shielded metal arc welding and CO_2 gas shielded arc welding,slag-free self-shielded flux-cored contributes to energy saving because the heat treatment of 500℃×6 h is not actualized.It will consume the electric power of 47.27 kW,and it will be reduced emissions of slags of 150～350 kg,greenhouse gases of 208 718～301 482 L,welding fume of 7～13 kg and spatters of 50～100 kg when 1 ton welding consumables are deposited.