心脏瓣膜疾病患者围术期处理的现状及进展

The Status and Progress of Valvular Heart Disease Perioperative Process

心脏瓣膜置换术是采用由合成材料制成的人工机械瓣膜或用生物组织制成的人工生物瓣膜替换的手术,现已成为治疗心脏瓣膜疾病的主要手段。目前心脏瓣膜置换手术已发展到相对成熟的阶段,手术病死率较前已大大降低,患者生活质量得到极大改善。而围术期的患者处理对于患者的存活率起着至关重要的作用,对患者术前心功能及各项生理指标的调节、术中监护及手术方式、术后各项监护及积极对症处理是决定患者预后的关键。

Heart valve replacement surgery,the valve replacement surgery by artificial mechanical heart valve made of synthetic material or artificial biological valve made of biological tissue,has developed into a relatively mature stage with the operative mortality greatly reduced and patients′ quality of life considerable improved than before.Perioperative treatment plays a vital role in the survival rate of patients.Preoperative cardiac function and physiological indicators adjustment,intraoperative monitoring and surgical approach,guardianship after the surgery with active symptomatic treatment are key to the prognosis of patients.