不同授粉品种对苹果果实生长及内源激素含量的影响

Effects of Different Pollination Varieties on Fruit Growth and Endogenous Hormones Content in Malus domestica Borkh.

以‘长富2号’红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.RedFuji,‘NagafuNo.2’)为母本,‘美红’、‘荷红’和‘红星’为授粉品种,进行人工授粉,测定不同授粉处理的果实在生长发育过程中果肉内源激素含量、果实单果重和纵横径的动态变化,从内源激素的角度探讨不同授粉品种对苹果果实生长发育的影响。结果表明:授粉品种为‘美红’和‘红星’的果实单果重、纵横径净增长速率在花后10、14和22周出现高峰,授粉品种为‘荷红’的果实在花后14和22周出现高峰;花后18周至采收时(花后26周),授粉品种为‘美红’的果实的单果重、纵横径明显大于其他授粉品种(P<0.05);授粉品种为‘美红’和‘红星’的果实IAA、GA3、ZR(玉米素)含量在花后10、14和22周均出现不同程度的上升,与其果实净生长速率出现高峰的时期一致;授粉品种为‘美红’的果实IAA含量在花后8～26周高于‘荷红’(P<0.05),GA3含量在20～26周高于其他授粉品种(P<0.05),ABA含量在花后22～26周低于其他授粉品种(P<0.05),ZR含量在花后26周高于其他授粉品种(P<0.05)。综上可知,不同的授粉品种通过影响苹果果实的内源激素水平调控果实的生长,相比于其他授粉品种,‘美红’更有利于提高果实单果重。

In this experiment, Red Fuji apple ‘Nagafu No.2＇ was used as female parent, and ‘Meihong＇, ‘Hehong＇, and ‘Starking＇ were used as pollination varieties, then, dynamic changes of endogenous hormones contents, weight and vertical/horizontal diameter in fruit treated with pollination varieties were determined to explore mechanisms of cross pollination of apple. The results showed that： the single fruit weight, vertical/ horizontal diameter pollinated with‘Meihong＇ and‘Starking＇ peaked at the 10th, 14th and 22nd weeks after bloom, while those pollinated with ‘Hehong＇ peaked at the 14th and 22nd weeks. Single fruit weight and vertical/horizontal diameter pollinated with ‘Meihong＇ were higher than others from the 18th week after bloom to harvest time （the 26th week after bloom） （P〈0.05）. IAA, GA （GA3）, ZR （zeatin） contents in fruits pollinated with ‘Hehong＇ and ‘Starking＇ increased at the 10th, 14th and 22nd weeks after bloom, coinciding with the net growth rate peaks. The IAA content in fruit pollinated with ＇Meihong＇ was higher than that of ‘Hehong＇ during the 8th and 26th weeks after bloom （P〈0.05）, while the GA3 content was higher than others during the 20th and 26th weeks after bloom （P〈0.05）, the ABA content was lower during the 22nd and 26th weeks after bloom （P〈0.05） and the ZR content was higher at the 26th week after bloom （P〈0.05）. The results were concluded that： different pollination varieties affected endogenous hormones contents differently and regulated fruit growth and development; the variety ‘Meihong＇ was more beneficial to raise fruit weight compared with the other pollination varieties used in the experiment.