白屈菜植株中红碱提取工艺及含量变化研究

Extraction technology and content changes of chelerythrine from Chelidonium majus

利用超声波法研究白屈菜红碱的提取及其含量。单因素实验和正交实验结果表明:根、茎及叶中白屈菜红碱的最佳提取条件分别为:根用75%乙醇作溶剂,料液比为1∶8(g/mL),超声频率85%,提取35min;茎用85%乙醇作为溶剂,料液比为1∶8(g/mL),超声频率75%,提取30min;叶用55%乙醇作为溶剂,料液比为1∶10(g/mL),超声频率85%,提取40min。人工栽培的白屈菜植株根6—9月白屈菜红碱含量高于野生白屈菜;野生白屈菜植株茎中白屈菜红碱含量高于人工栽培的白屈菜茎;6、7月份野生白屈菜植株叶中白屈菜红碱含量高于人工栽培,而8、9月份则相反。白屈菜红碱粗提物对玉米小斑病病原菌、核桃叶枯病病原菌、龙胆斑枯病病原菌、番茄枯萎病病原菌、南瓜枯萎病病原菌、新月弯孢霉等植物病原真菌菌丝的生长均具一定抑制作用。

The optimized extraction conditions had been found through the single factor experiment and orthogonal test. The best extracting conditions were as the followings ： roots were obtained by 75% alcohol with the liquid/solid ratio of 1 ： 8 for 35 min extraction under 85% of ultrasonic frequency. Stems were obtained by 85% alcohol with the liquid/solid ratio of 1：8 for 30 min extraction under 75% of ultrasonic frequency. Leaves were obtained by 55% alcohol with the liquid/solid ratio of 1：10 for 40 min extraction under 85% of ultrasonic frequency. From June to September, the content of artificially cultivated Chelidonium majus roots was higher than wild one. However, the chelerythrine in stems of artificial cultivation was lower than that of the wild. For leaves, chelerythrine content of the wild was higher than the artificial in June and July, the condition in August and September was opposite. The chelerythrine extracts displayed a certain inhibitory effect on Bipolaris maydis, Pestalotiopsis sp. , Septoria microspora, l^usarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopeersici, Fusarium bulbigenum, Curvularia lunata.