新型猪源H1N1流感病毒的分离鉴定及在实验条件下气源性传播的特点

Isolation,Identification and Airborne Transmission Characteristics in the Experimental Conditions of Novel Swine-origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus

新型猪源性H1N1流感病毒能引起人和猪的呼吸道传染性疾病,自2009年4月起在全球范围内暴发,引起广泛的关注和研究,本试验拟对其分离株的气源性传播特点进行研究。2011年1月,华东某地区出现流感疫情,本研究从病死猪的鼻腔棉拭子和肺脏中分离到1株新型猪源性H1N1流感病毒A/swine/Shandong/07/2011;用荧光定量PCR方法检测发病猪场舍内、外的空气样品中病毒含量;建立气溶胶传染模型来分析该株病毒在实验条件下气源性传播的特点。结果显示:猪舍内空气样品的阳性率为26.10%,病毒含量在3.14～5.72log10copies.m-3空气之间;舍外下风向10m处空气样品的阳性率为40.70%,病毒含量在2.24～3.77log10copies.m-3空气之间;在传染模型中,A/swine/Shandong/07/2011能够造成气溶胶感染组试验猪的感染,但感染率比直接接触组低。研究表明,A/swine/Shandong/07/2011株具有形成病毒气溶胶的能力,在实验条件下能够引起气源性感染。

The novel swine-origin influenza A（H1N1） virus can cause respiratory infectious diseases in humans and pigs, it attracts wide attention and research since its worldwide outbreak in April 2009. This study researched the airborne spread characteristics of the virus. In January 2011, a swine-origin H1N1 epidemic emerged in eastern China, one novel swine-origin influenza A（H1N1） virus A/swine/Shandong/07/2011 was isolated from throat swab samples and lung collected from swine. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） was used to detect viruses in air samples taken from inside and outside of piggeries; Aerosol transmission model were also established to analyze the airborne transmission characteristics in the experimental conditions of novel swine-origin influenza A （H1N1） virus. The detected rate of virus in piggeries air samples was 26.10% and was shown to contain 3.14-5.72 log10 copies · m^-3 air of virus. The rate virus detected in 10 m downwind of piggeries air samples was 40.70% and was shown to contain 2.24-3.77 log10 copies · m^-3 air of virus. In the model, this virus was capable of forming aerosols and infecting animals in aerosol exposure group by transfer of aerosols, although infection by aerosols was found to be less efficient than by direct contact. This study demonstrates that this SO 2009（H1N1）IV strain is able to be aerosolized by infected animals and to be transmitted to susceptible animals by airborne routes in the experimental conditions.