体细胞重编程为干细胞的方法研究与进展

Research progress in reprogramming somatic cells into stem cells

背景:克隆人类胚胎会引起伦理问题,这使科学家寻找替代的方法来逆向分化细胞为多能/全能干细胞,这个过程称为重编程。重编程的新方法是研究者关注的焦点。目的:探讨重编程技术的研究现状,并对体细胞重编程为干细胞的各种方法做一综述。方法:应用计算机检索CNKI和Pubmed数据库中1983年1月至2006年12月关于重编程的文章,在标题和摘要中以"重编程,方法,体细胞,干细胞,分化"或"reprogramming,method,somatic cell,stem cell,differentiation"为检索词进行检索。选择文章内容与重编程有关者,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。最终选择17篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:一个多能干细胞重编程状态是细胞结构逐步重构,染色质表观遗传改变,转录表达和转录后调控的结果。靶细胞的重塑要求重编程有一个稳定的状态,最终可以被重新定向到特定的分化程序。有充分的证据表明,细胞鉴定可以被体外操作影响,重编程细胞的命运需要进一步体内检测。

BACKGROUND： The use of cloned human embryos gives rise to ethical issues and allows scientists to find alternative ways to reverse differentiation of cells into multi/pluripotent stem cells, which is known as reprogramming. The new method of reprogramming is the focus of attention.OBJECTIVE： To investigate the current status of reprogramming and review the methods of somatic cell reprogramming into stem cells. METHODS： Using the database of CNKI and Pubmed （1983-01/2006-12） to search the related articles about reprogramming. The retrieval words include reprogramming, method, somatic cell, stem cell, differentiation. Papers related reprogramming published recently or in high-impact journals were initially surveyed and 17 papers were included in the final analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The reprogramming of a pluripotent stem cell is the consequence of gradual reconstruction of cell structure, genetic change of chromatin, transcription expression and posttranscriptional control. Remodeling of targeted cells requires a stable status of reprogramming and a final reorientation into specific differentiation. Sufficient evidence demonstrates that cell identification is influenced by in vitro operation. The fate of reprogrammed cells needs further in vivo determination.