“第一时代”社会主义的生态环境问题——西方生态社会主义者的先行研究

Ecological and Environmental Problems in the "First Epoch" Socialism——Review of the Western Ecosocialist Previous Researches

由于苏联解体后大量环境问题的披露以及西方生态社会主义者对未来社会主义社会称谓上的设想,"第一时代"社会主义的生态环境问题成为其关注对象。克沃尔、福斯特等生态社会主义者认为,苏联等社会主义国家早期注重环境保护后来却产生严重的环境问题,原因在于民主体制的破坏、经济发展优先于环境保护的决策以及外延型经济发展方式的影响,并认为"第一时代"社会主义缺乏对自然的关爱。他们并没有认识到社会主义与生态环境保护本身没有矛盾,环境保护是社会主义题中应有之义;但他们的研究又警示我们,社会主义制度只是为环境的保护提供了前提和保障,如果在实践上不摆脱传统社会主义的发展模式,同样无法建设"资源节约型、环境友好型"社会。

Because of the disclosure of a large number of environmental problems after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the assumption of eeosocialist future socialist society, ecosocialists were concerned with the environmental problems of the ＂First Epoch＂ socialism. In their opinions, the Soviet Union and other countries paid attention to environmental protection in the early days, but later serious environmental problems appeared. The reasons are the destruction of democratic institutions, decision-making based on the priorities of economic development, and extension of the epitaxial-based economy. As for ecosocialism, we must recognize that, in theory, environmental protection is the proper meaning of socialism while from a practical point of view the socialist system is only the premise and guarantee for the protection of the environment. Therefore, we should be committed to the scientific development view to get rid of the traditional socialist model of development and establish an energy saving and environmental-friendly society.