山东丹参与近缘种种子状果实的形态比较研究(英文)

Observation and Comparision on Morphological Characteristics of the Seed-like Fruits of Salvia shandongensis and Its Relatives

[目的]比较分析山东丹参与其近缘种种子状果实的形态特征。[方法]采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜相结合的方法,对山东丹参(Salvia shandongensis)及其同属植物丹参(S.miltiorrhiza)、白花丹参(S.miltiorrhiza f.alba)、南丹参(S.bowleyana)发育良好的成熟种子状果实进行比较观察。[结果]4种丹参种子状果实形态、大小和外壁网状雕纹特征均具有较显著区别:山东丹参种子状果实椭圆形,负网状雕纹,网眼凸起类四边形,具细密丝状横纹,与丹参种子状果实宽椭圆形,网状雕纹,网眼凹陷呈方形,以及与南丹参种子状果实梭形,网状雕纹,网眼中央微凸呈多边形均有明显区别。[结论]该研究首次为山东丹参积累了种子状果实资料,为确立其在植物分类学上的地位和研究其种质提供了种子状果实形态的重要依据;丹参种子状果实形态特征及外壁网状雕纹与前人报道相一致,为揭示山东丹参与丹参之间的亲缘关系及种间分类鉴定提供了种子状果实依据,也为丹参类植物种的鉴别及引种栽培、遗传育种提供了新的科学证据。

[Objective] This study aimed to compare and analyse the morphological characteristics of the seed-like fruits between Salvia shandongensis J. X. Li et F. Q. Zhou and its relatives. [Method] The morphological characteristics of the mature seed-like fruits of Salvia shandongensis and its three congeners, S. miltiorrhiza, S. miltiorrhiza f. alba and S. bowleyana, were comparatively observed using both optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. [Result] The results showed that there were distinct differences in the shape, size and exine sculpture of the seed-like fruits of the four Danshen congeners： the seed-like fruits of S. shandongensis that were elliptical and had areolate sculpture with subquadrangular convex meshes as well as densely filamentous transverse lines were easy to be distinguished from those of S. miltiorrhiza Bge., which were broadly elliptical and had reticulate sculpture with subquadrate concave meshes. The seed-like fruits of S. bowleyana were fusiform and their ektexine had reticulate sculpture with polygonal meshes, which were slightly convex at the center, which are obviously different from those of S. shandongensis. [Conclusion] This study first accumulates data of the seed-like fruits of S. shandongensis, which provides important bases for establishing its taxonomical status and studying its germplasm. The morphological characteristics and reticulate sculpture on ektexine of the seed-like fruits S. miltiorrhiza Bge. are consistent with the previous report. The results in this study not only provide references for uncovering the genetic relationships between S. shandongensis and S. miltiorrhiza Bge., as well as the interspecific classification and identification. In addition, this study also provides new scientific proofs for the identification of Danshen species and their introduction and cultivation, genetics and breeding.