美育启蒙论视野下的方东美审美价值观

On Fang Dong-Mei's Aesthetic Values in the Light of Aesthetic Enlightenment

20世纪前30年的中国美育在启蒙论主题下,展开为以审美工具论为基础的功利主义和以康德真善美价值三分为基础的非功利主义两种走向,并没有完成新民的美育目标。方东美的审美价值观则以维护真善美价值统一为最高目标,审美通过美以启真、美以携善、内在超越等方式呈现为价值统会的圆融之境。尽管方东美的审美价值观带有强烈的乌托邦色彩,但他以现代性危机作为言说背景的生命理想,对于现代美育的发展,仍然具有重要的启示意义。

Chinese aesthetic education in the first three decades of the 20th century which, under the banner of Enlighten- ment, took two parallel paths of development： one of utilitarianism based on instrumental aesthetics and another of non-utili- tarianism based on Kant＇s division of value into truth, goodness and beauty, failed to realize its objective of reforming the people. But the ultimate goal of Fang Dong-mei＇s aesthetic education is the unification of the three. In other words, a uni- fied value is targeted in which the true is revealed through the beautiful, the good is reinforced by the beautiful and the ap- preciator of beauty accomplishes a spiritual transcendence. Although Fang＇s aesthetic values have an intense utopian tint, his ideals of life which sprang up amid the modernist crisis are still of great significance to the development of modern aesthetic education.