审美的滥觞——河姆渡文化的审美解读

The Origin of Aesthetic Consciousness——An Interpretation of the Aesthetic Activities in the Hemudu Culture

河姆渡文化考古发现大量精美的具有审美意味的艺术作品,说明当时就有了专业的艺术家。河姆渡文化标志性的艺术是现命名为"双鸟朝阳纹"的雕刻,此雕刻可以看作是凤凰崇拜的萌芽,但并没有太阳崇拜的意义,更多的是体现为远古初民的生殖崇拜。河姆渡文化遗址中有以家畜与水稻为题材的艺术作品,这些作品可以看作是中国农业文明的最早的审美开显。河姆渡的象牙匕形器、蝶形器以及较为精美的陶器具有礼器的意味。河姆渡文化在一定程度上体现了中华民族审美意识的滥觞。

The archaeological research of the Hemudu culture has turned up many art works with aesthetic value, indicating the existence of professional artists in that period. The iconic art work of the Hemudu culture is the carving of ＂Two Phoenix-Like Birds Worshipping the Sun＂, which can be viewed as the emergence of phoenix worship. However, it does not signify the worship of the sun but rather ancient people＇s worship of reproduction. Some art works in the Hemudu culture feature livestock and rice and can be seen as the beginning of aesthetic activities in Chinese agricultural civilization. The dagger-shaped orna- ment carved in ivory, the butterfly-shaped ornament, and the delicate pottery wares have the function of sacrificial vessels. O- verall, the Hemudu culture reflects, to some extent, the origin of the aesthetic consciousness of the Chinese nation.