大熊猫医疗行为训练

Training of Captive Giant Panda for Veterinary Care

2011～2012年,依照大熊猫的特殊习性和能力设计训练项目,采取食物鼓励的正强化训练方法,配以口令和手势等指令持续对广州动物园保育的2只圈养大熊猫进行医疗管理训练,相继完成了站、坐、趴、卧等基础动作训练,并在此基础上完成了串笼、体尺体重测量、体温测量、肌肉注射、腕部采血、口腔及牙齿检查等训练项目。大熊猫的医疗管理训练的实施,减少了日常管理中动物对环境改变和人类干扰的应激反应,增加了人与动物的安全;以往需要麻醉动物才能进行的肌肉注射、采血、口腔及牙齿检查、体温测量等操作,现在可以引导动物在放松状态下主动完成,避免了麻醉对动物造成的伤害。圈养野生动物医疗行为训练不同驯兽表演,是提高动物福利的有效手段。

We trained 2 captive Giant Pandas （Ailuropoda melanoleuca） at Guangzhou Zoo from 2011 to 2012 to facilitate veterinary care by positive reinforcement training with food encouragement. Basic movements were trained first, including standing, sitting, groveling, and lying. Based on this basic training, advanced training programs were implemented, including changing cage, body size and weight measurement, body temperature measurement, intramuscular injection, drawing blood from wrist, oral and dental examination, and other medical examinations. Training reduced the stress caused by environment change and human disturbance in daily feeding and management, and ensured the safety of personnel and pandas. Guided by zoo personnel, giant pandas voluntarily cooperated with activities such as intramuscular injection, blood sampling, oral and dental examination, all of which were formerly undertaken only on tranquilized giant pandas. The training programs enabled zoo personnel to avoid the risks of tranquilizing. Behavior training for veterinary care is different from training for performance, and it is an effective method to improve animal welfare.