梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)保护遗传学研究现状及其保护愿景展望

Current Status of Conservation Genetic Research and Perspective on Protection of Sika Deer(Cervus nippon)

梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,分化为6个亚种:东北亚种(C.n.hortulorum)、华北亚种(C.n.mandurinui)、华南亚种(C.n.kopschi)、四川亚种(C.n.sichunicus)、山西亚种(C.n.grassianus)、台湾亚种(C.n.taiouanus),其中山西亚种、华北亚种和台湾亚种野外种群已经灭绝,野外残存的东北亚种、华南亚种和四川亚种仅分布于黑龙江、吉林、江西、浙江、安徽、四川和甘肃等省破碎的栖息生境内。由于残存的3个亚种种群数量稀少,野外很难发现,这对保护和恢复濒临灭绝的野生梅花鹿种群造成一定的困难。中国对圈养梅花鹿生物学的报道虽然较多,但是在行为学、遗传学方面的研究较少,且分子标记方面的研究也主要集中在与经济性状相关的基因方面。为了更好地保护和恢复野生梅花鹿种群,本文在查阅了相关文献的基础上,概述了国内外梅花鹿遗传学研究现状与进展,展望了野生梅花鹿需要进一步研究的趋势,以期为我国野生梅花鹿的保护管理和种群恢复提供科学依据。

Sika deer （ Cervus nippon） is a class I national protected species in China, and has six subspecies ： Northeast Chi- na sika deer （ C. n. hortulorum） , North China sika deer （ C. n. mandurinui） , South China sika deer （ C. n. kopschi） , Sichuan sika deer （ C. n. sichuanicus ） , Shanxi sika deer （ C. n. grassianus ） and Taiwan sika deer （ C. n. taiouanus ）. Among these, the Shanxi sika deer, North China sika deer and Taiwan sika deer are extinct in the wild, the remaining three subspecies （ Northeast China sika deer, South China sika deer and Sichuan sika deer） survive in narrow and fragmented habitats of Hei- longjiang, Jilin, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Gansu and so on. The three extant subspecies are difficult to locate due to their small wild populations. This raises difficulties for the protection and restoration of the wild populations. Although there are many reports on the biology of captive sika deer in China, only a few reports discuss the ethology and genetics of wild sika deer. Molecular marker studies of sika deer focused mainly on a number of genes associated with economically important traits. In order to provide a scientific basis for management and recovery of wild deer populations, we summarized the status and pro- gress of research on sika deer genetics at home and abroad, and predict the further research trends of wild sika deer, based on review of past research.