宁夏陆生野生动物疫源疫病监测工作现状及对策

Current Status and Countermeasures of Epidemic Disease Monitoring of Terrestrial Wildlife in Ningxia

宁夏地处"中亚"和"东亚-澳大利亚"两大国际候鸟迁徙通道的重叠覆盖区,是候鸟迁徙过程中重要的停歇地、取食地、栖息地,野生动物资源特别是鸟类资源十分丰富。2005～2012年,宁夏境内连续发生4起H5N1高致病性禽流感疫情,也是野生鸟类感染、传播疫病的高发地区,因此,宁夏以禽流感为主的陆生野生动物疫源疫病监测工作十分重要。笔者对宁夏陆生野生动物疫源疫病监测工作现状进行分析,认为宁夏野生动植物管理体制缺位,机构缺失,致使陆生野生动物疫源疫病监测防控工作依托困难,连带造成财政投入少;基础工作薄弱;专业技术人员工资待遇低,流失严重等诸多问题。提出了成立野生动植物保护专门机构,补上体制缺位;加大财政投入;整合资源;建立稳定的用人政策等科学对策。

Ningxia Province is located in the overlap region of two bird migration corridors, ＂central Asia＂ and ＂East Asia - Australasia＂. It is an important stopover, feeding site and habitat in bird migration with abundant wildlife, especially bird, re- sources. Epidemics of HSN1 occurred four times in Ningxia from 2005 to 2012. Ningxia is a high - prevalence area of wild bird infection and spread so monitoring of epidemic diseases of terrestrial wildlife, especially avian flu, is a priority in Ningxia. Based on the analysis of the status of Epidemic Diseases Monitoring of Terrestrial Wildlife in Ningxia, we identify obstacles to successful management of wildlife disease epidemics. These include ： （ i ） the absence of adequate management institutions and organizations for wildlife management in Ningxia leads to problems in epidemic disease monitoring ; （ ii ） lack of financial in- vestment ; （ iii ） weak foundation work ; and （ iv ） low salary levels are a barrier to recruitment of high - quality professionals. We suggest establishment of a specialized agency for wildlife conservation and put forward scientific countermeasures such as improving management systems , increasing financial investment, integrating resources, and establishing a standardized person- nel strategy for further monitoring and control.