大型转炉煤气干法除尘技术研究与应用

Research and Application on Large BOF Gas Dry Dedusting Technology

转炉煤气干法除尘技术具有高效能源转换、节约新水、节能减排、清洁环保的技术优势,可以大幅度降低水消耗、高效回收蒸汽和煤气,减少环境污染,是当代转炉冶炼实现高效能源转换的关键技术。针对首钢京唐"全三脱"转炉冶炼工艺过程和技术特征,解析了转炉煤气发生泄爆的工艺机制,研究开发了控制煤气泄爆的安全技术措施。采用CFD数值仿真技术,对蒸发冷却塔内煤气流动过程进行了研究解析,优化了蒸发冷却塔的设计、雾化喷嘴的布置及其流量控制。研究开发了300t转炉在"全三脱"冶炼条件下,合理控制转炉煤气成分、温度的关键技术,有效地提高了煤气、蒸汽的回收率,大幅度减少了煤气泄爆,实现了工艺稳定运行、能源高效回收、排放显著降低的目标。生产实践表明,"全三脱"冶炼条件下全年回收煤气达到85m3/t以上,回收蒸汽达到110kg/t以上,煤气泄爆率控制在0.03%以下,保证了炼钢生产的安全稳定运行,取得了显著的经济效益和生态环境效益。

Basic oxygen furnace（BOF） gas dry dedusting technique is the key technology of contemporary BOF steelmaking to achieve high efficient energy conversion,which is provided with high efficient energy conversion,water saving,energy saving and lower emission,environment clean and friendly.It can significantly reduce water consumption,efficient recycling of steam and gas,to reduce environmental pollution.According to the process and technical feature of BOF steelmaking under the condition of ＂full three removal＂ at Shougang Jingtang,the technical mechanism of BOF gas explosion was analyzed,and the safe technical measures to control the BOF gas explosion were researched and developed.The gas flow process in evaporative cooling tower was investigated and analyzed by means of computational fluid dynamics（CFD） numerical simulation technology,and the layout and flow control of nozzles in evaporative cooling tower were optimized.A number of key technologies were researched and developed to control the gas composition and temperature rationally of 300 t converter under the condition of ＂full three removal＂ smelting.The recovery efficiency of gas and steam was improved effectively;the gas explosions were reduced significantly.The targets are achieved which include stable operation,efficient energy recovery,and significantly reduced emissions.It is proved by application,the annual recovery of gas and steam under the condition of ＂full three removal＂ has been reached practically more than 85 m3/t and 110 kg/t respectively,and annual numbers of gas explosion are controlled less than 0.03%.BOF dry dedusting technology has ensured the safe and stable operation of steelmaking production;it has created significant economic and ecological environment benefit.