上海市闵行区肺结核患者健康知识需求调查分析

Survey of Healthy Knowledge Needs of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Minhang District

目的了解上海市闵行区肺结核患者健康知识掌握情况,为杜绝疾病的进一步传播和扩散,探索有效、可行的结核病防治策略辅助方法提供科学依据。方法随机抽取2011-2012年上海市闵行区269人肺结核患者进行问卷调查并分析。结果抽查的患者中对肺结核的症状体征、传播途径和传染性等知识的知晓率较高,分别达到了86.99%、91.45%和81.41%;而对规范治疗后疾病传染性的改变及预后情况了解程度相对较差,分别为33.09%和63.57%。患病后对应及时到肺结核定点医疗机构就诊的知晓率明显高于刚出现症状时,达到了86.24%(χ2=0.018,P<0.05)。国家对肺结核的减免政策患者普遍知晓,大部分患者完全知晓或部分知晓肺结核减免项目。患者在接受肺结核治疗后行为习惯有了不同程度的改变,没有任何行为习惯改变的仅有20人,占总人数的7.43%。结论充分发挥区疾控中心、定点医院和社区卫生服务中心三级网络机构的作用,对不同文化层次、不同病情的肺结核患者开展时段性的多样化健康教育指导,在提高患者治疗依从性的同时,进一步提高疾病的治愈率。

OBJECTIVE To understand the healthy knowledge level of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Minhang District, to prevent further transmission and spread of the disease, and to provide scientific proofs for more effective and feasible tuberculosis prevention and control methods. METHODS Randomly selected and surveyed 269 pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Minhang District, Shanghai from 2011 to 2012. RESULTS Selected patients bad a high awareness rates regarding symptoms and signs of pulmonary tuberculosis, its route of transmission, and infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis（86.99%, 91.45%, 81.41% respectively）, while a rather low awareness rates was showed in the change of infectivity after standardized treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, and in the understanding of prognosis（33.09% and 63.57% respectively）. The awareness rate of going to designated medical institutions for pulmonary tuberculosis among diagnosed patients was 86.24%, which was significantly higher than that of patients with their first onset of symptoms（x2=0.018, P〈0.05）. Patients were generally aware of the remission policy of pulmonary tuberculosis, and most patients completely or partially knew the items that were covered by the remission policy. Patients had established varying degrees of behavioral changes after the treatment, with only 20 of them（7.43%） had no behavioral changes at all. CONCLUSION In order to further increase the cure rate of pulmonary tuberculosis while promote the compliance to treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients, we need to emphasis the full play of the three-tier network that is composed of the District CDC, designated hospitals, and community health service centers, and to diversify the health education guidance based onthe various culture levels and disease conditions of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.