烟草尘对作业工人呼吸系统损害的调查研究

Investigation of Tobacco Dust’s Damage on Workers’Respiratory System

目的探讨烟草作业环境中烟草尘对作业工人呼吸系统的损害。方法对烟草作业环境进行职业卫生现场调查、采样检测及分析,并对作业工人进行肺通气功能测定、胸部X线检查和呼吸系统症状的调查等职业健康体检。结果作业环境中烟草尘浓度在0.2～28.8mg/m3,生产性粉尘作业监测点超标率为29.12%,烟草尘作业危害岗位占32.02%;1322名接触烟草尘工人肺功能通气损害的为73人,肺功能异常率为5.52%;X胸片检查肺纹理增粗、紊乱改变121例,占9.15%;24.28%的工人出现咳嗽,21.56%的工人出现咳痰;调查显示接触烟草尘浓度高、时间长的作业工人肺部病变增加。结论烟草作业现场中存在的烟草尘与接尘工人呼吸系统损害有关,是导致接尘工人呼吸系统损害的原因。

OBJECTIVE To probe respiratory system injure in workers exposed to tobacco processing environment. METHODS On-site investigation and sampling inspection have been made and the results have been analyzed in terms of occupational hygiene; occupational health check such as pulmonary ventilation function test, chest X-ray examination and investigation of respiratory symptom have also been carried out. RESULT tobacco dust concentration in working environment is between 0.2 mg/m3 and 28.8 mg/m3, Tobacco dust concentrations in 29.12% of the productive operating post have exceeded the standard rate. 32.02% of the operating post are affected by tobacco dust. Among the 1 322 workers who are exposed to tobacco dust, 73 have pulmonary, ventilation function injury. 5.52% of them have pulmonary function abnormalities, X-ray also shows increased bronchovascular shadows, disorder and abnormal changes in the lungs of 121 workers, making up 9.15%. and 24.28% of them have developed coughing. 21.56% of them cough with phlegm. The investigation shows that the higher tobacco dust concentration the workers are exposed to that the longer time the workers work, the more serious their lung lesions are. CONCLUSION Tobacco dust in working environment has something to do with the respiratory system damage of workers and it is the direct cause of their respiratory damage.