20世纪50年代中期三次文化批判运动的思考

Reflections on Three Cultural Animadversion Campaigns in the Mid-1950s in China

20世纪50年代中期,在中国开展了对俞平伯《红楼梦研究》的文化批判运动,随着运动深入,又开展了对胡适"资产阶级唯心主义"思想的批判,接着,又发动了对胡风文艺思想的批判运动,最终发展成对胡风"反革命集团"的斗争。这三次文化批判运动构成了20世纪50年代中期中国文化界政治生活的主题,对于此后文化事业发展产生了深远的影响。

In the mid - 1950s, three cultural animadversion campaigns were launched in China successively. A na- tion - wide campaign aimed at criticizing Yu Pingbo and his work Researching Dream of the Red Chamber （ 红楼梦） was first initiated. Then, Hu Shi fellinto disrepute in the subsequent animadversion campaign censuring his inclination towards the so -called ＂bourgeois idealism＂. Hu Feng bore the third brunt of such animadversion cam- paigns whose literary thoughts were severely criticized to the extent that he himself was arrested on ＂counter - revo- lutionary charges. Such three cultural animadversion campaigns thus became the theme of political life during the mid -1950s in China, which had had a farreaching impact on the development of China＇ s cultural undertakings henceforth.