南京国民政府的边政机构述论

A review of Nanking National Government’s Borderland Policies institution

南京国民政府时期,中央与地方层面均设置了一些边政管理机构,有利于具体边政措施之贯彻。这些机构呈现以下特点:具有近代民主共和政体机构之性质;中央层面的管理机构设置较多且相对全面;地方层面的边政机构,隶属系统不一,虽按近代理念设置,但无统一的长期规划,也非决策或执行机构,属于研究性质;存在着传统政治习惯和近代民主共和理念共同作用于边疆治理实践的二元化特色。南京国民政府之边政机构,还有明显缺失:中央层面的边政机构与地方层面的边政机构联系脱节;边政机构之统合能力较弱,导致其权威及功效薄弱。南京国民政府政制本身与其边疆认识之缺失等因,是上述弊端产生的根源所在。

At the Central and local levels, Nanking National Government has set a system of Borderland Policies institution. Those institutions presented the following characteristics： They were modern democratic republican institutions; Set more central institutions, and also relative comprehensive; The local institutions attached to different system, although they were according to modern idea established, and absence of a unified long-term plan, also the non-decision-making or the implementation organization, belong to the research nature; There was a dualistic features that the traditional political habits and modern republican political ideas interaction act on borderland governance. Those institutions also still had an obvious missing： While the central and the local bodies out contact; The weaken integration leaded to their authority and effectiveness was weak.