自下而上:元以来沁河下游地区之用水秩序与社会互动

From Downstream to Upstream:The Water Order and Social Interaction of the Downstream Region of Qinhe River(沁河) from Yuan Dynasty

从元代开始,沁河下游地区数县之间形成了一种"自下而上"的用水秩序,即最先由下游县灌溉,之后依次而上直至最上游县。各县用水的量以时间来计算,按照最初开渠时各县所提供劳力和财力的多寡来分配。文章认为该用水秩序的产生和发挥作用既是一个社会发展过程,也是灌渠系统的空间拓展过程,具有深刻的社会、地理背景,它是上下游县际之间围绕着水资源分配而产生的社会互动结果,反映着这一地区水利开发史的特点和地域社会的独特个性。

There was foming a water order as＂From downstream to upstream＇between several counties in the downstream region of Qinhe River（沁河） from Yuan Dynasty,which means irrigated from the most downstream county, then orderly and until the most upstream county. And the water consumption of the counties calculated with the time and distributed with the dispatched labor and money when digged channels in the first time. The born and effect of this order which was a result of social interaction for the water resources allocation of inter--county in Qinhe River（沁河）was not only a process of social development,but also a spatial expanding process of irrigation canal system. It also reflected the characteristics of water resources development history and unique personality of geographical society＇s of this region.