我国矿区土地破坏现状和整治新机制研究

Research on New Mechanisms for Renovation of Land be Destroyed in Mining Areas in China

我国矿业占用和破坏土地严重,土地复垦率低,近年来矿区环境恢复治理资金和土地复垦投入不断增大,并建立了地质环境恢复治理保证金制度和土地复垦预存制度。基于存在的问题,探索建立矿区土地综合整治新机制:①进一步完善保证金制度,优化保证金的收缴管理和返还;②以恢复地力、促进土地资源再利用为重点,编制统一的整治方案或规划;③坚持以农业开发为主和因地制宜两项原则,统筹考虑采后土地的用途;④引入市场资金、设立专项资金、整合财政资金,建立多元投资机制;⑤发展矿山环境保护和土地复垦新技术,建立矿产资源开发环境代价核算制度,开展部门联合,完善整治制度。

In China, the land has been seriously occupied and destroyed by mining industry; and land reclamation rate is low. In recent years, both the capital for restoring and harnessing the environment of mining areas and land reclamation investments have been increasing. And the margin system for geological environmental restoration and pre-stored system for land reclamation have been established. This paper introduces the new mechanisms for the comprehensive improvement of land in mining areas, these are： further improving margin system and optimizing collection and return; focusing on recovering land productivity and promoting reutilization of land resources, working out unified regulation scheme and plan; adhering to the principle of relying mainly on developing synthetically in agriculture, and in line with local conditions, taking into full account of the use of land after mining; introducing market funds, setting up a special fired, integrating financial capital, and establishing multiple investment mechanism; developing the new technology for environmental protection in mining areas and land reclamation, building environmental cost accounting system of mineral resources, carrying out joint effort by several department, and perfecting improvement systern.