非常规热力循环内燃机的节能技术

Energy-saving technologies of the unconventional thermal cycle internal combustion engines

为实现内燃机热效率指标的突破,出现了很多非常规热力循环内燃机节能技术。本文从数种典型非常规热力循环内燃机节能技术总结出两点共同特征:工质移缸和水蒸汽辅助。工质移缸技术可以让内燃机工质在多个气缸内完成一个工作循环,因而可以通过提高内燃机压缩比或实现充分膨胀循环的方式来提升内燃机热效率;水蒸汽辅助技术可以通过直接向高温气体中喷水或者利用热交换器的方式将水加热成蒸汽,通过降低内燃机排气温度把残余热能变为压力来实现做功,从而提高整机热效率。非常规热力循环内燃机节能技术为高效内燃机技术的发展提供了很多新思路。

Many unconventional thermal cycle internal combustion （IC） engines have been proposed which greatly enhance IC engine thermal efficiency. By reviewing some typical energy-saving technologies of the unconventional thermal cycle IC engines, two common characteristics are summarized in this paper, charger transit between cylinders and steam assistance. By using the technology of the charger transit between cylinders, a working cycle of an IC engine can be divided into several cylinders, so the compression ratio can be greatly increased, or the over-expansion cycle can be realized, both of which can substantially enhance the IC engine thermal efficiency. By using the technology of steam assistance, water can be heated and evaporated into steam by injection into hot gas or heat exchanger. The exhaust energy can be recovered when the water absorbs the exhaust heat and evaporates to perform further work, which can reduce the exhaust temperature, thereby the IC engine thermal efficiency can be enhanced. The technologies of unconventional thermal cycle IC engines provide new ideas for the development of the high efficiency IC engine technology.