丹巴百年来政治、经济及习俗演变——以章谷屯的设立与发展为例

Cognition on the Evolution of the Politics,Economy and Customs in Danba County over One Hundred Years—— Taking the Establishment and Development of Zhanggutun as a Case Study

在平定"大小金川之乱"后,清政府在章谷建立屯兵制度。章谷屯兵制度的设立和发展推动了炉霍屯的建立,其后,清政府又利用章谷屯与炉霍屯的合力,趁势废除了革什咱土司等。因此,清代章谷屯的设立对于丹巴地区最终设立县制具有重要意义。与章谷屯的设立与发展相伴随的是丹巴地区在宗教、经济、文化方面的融合与发展。宗教方面,墨尔多神山升格为国家神灵,同时,文昌阁、关帝庙、观音庙等汉地传统神祗传入丹巴;物产方面,玉米、土豆等传入,玉米饼、酸菜汤、老腊肉成为丹巴地区的特色食品;农业方面,章谷屯建立后,农业耕作转向精耕细作,耕作工具大为丰富和发展;建筑方面,传统的防卫型碉楼与宜居型的碉房相得益彰,形成独具特色的丹巴民居画卷。

Danba lies in the eastern part of Ganzi Prefecture.In addition to the famous ＂Kingdom of Thousands Stone Towers＂,＂The Valley of Beauty＂,and more,it has many rich agricultural products.The typical food of the area includes bacon,steamed corn bread and pickled cabbage soup,etc.The customs are quite different from other counties in Tibetan areas.Furthermore,Zhanggutun was one of the five tun（an administrative area similar to a county） under Maogongting（similar to a prefecture）,which accepted the jurisdiction of Chengmianlongdao（similar to a province） during the Qing Dynasty.At the end of the Qing,it was ruled by Bianwu Dachen（the minister who manages affairs of borderlands） from the Sichuan borderland.Now it belongs to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and has already separated from the Qiarong Tibetan region—What are the reasons for the current situation ？ In addition,it is worthy of a deep exploration on Zhanggutun＇s role in implementing the policy of gaituguiliu（the replacement of native officials with royal appointed officials）,the abolishment of tun,and the founding of the county in the Danba area.