兰州地区儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍与睡眠障碍共病的流行病学调查

Preliminary Exploration of Children attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Sleep Disorders

目的对兰州市1100名儿童进行注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)筛查及睡眠障碍相关情况问卷调查,了解二者关系及共病情况。方法以兰州市区5～13岁儿童为调查对象,向家长发放调查问卷,内容包括Conners简明症状问卷(ASQ)和儿童睡眠情况调查,ASQ总分≥15分作为观察组,将<15分作为对照组。结果本地区儿童的平均睡眠时间为(8.78±2.82)h,睡眠问题主要包括噩梦(13.8%),梦游(0.9%),唤醒困难(17.3%),尿床(4.8%),入睡困难(13.5%),睡眠不实(11.9%),梦多(24.3%)等,本地区儿童ADHD的患病率为9.1%。男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义。ADHD与睡眠障碍共病的发生率为8.8%。ADHD儿童的睡眠障碍发生率均高于对照组,ADHD组儿童的睡眠时间是8.12±0.87h,而对照组为(8.88±2.97)h,差异有统计学意义;ASQ指数与学习成绩、睡眠时间负相关,与恶梦多、睡眠不实正相关。结论注意缺陷多动儿童中存在更多的睡眠问题,二者相互影响。

Objective To explore the association between sleep disorders and attention deficit hyperac- tivity disorder of children. Methods Children from 5 to 13 years old from two kindergartens and five primary schools in Chenggnan district of Lanzhou were participated in the study. They were investigated with the Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire （ASQ） and the sleep behavior questionnaires. The children with the score of ASQ ~〉 15 were divided into ADHD group. Results The incidence of ADHD was 9.1%, mainly sleep prob- lems faced by ADHD children were hard to be waked up, bed-wetting, difficulty in falling asleep, unstable sleep, dreaminess and so on. The incidences of all these symptoms were higher in ADHD group comparing with control group. The average sleep time in ADHD group was （ 8.12 ＋ 0. 87 ） hours per day, while it was （ 8.88 ~ 2. 97 ） hours per day in control group. The difference has statistical significance. The ASQ scores were negative- ly correlated with high school grades and sleeping time. and positively correlated with unstable and dreamindss. Conclusion Children with ADHD have more sleep disorders, and these sleep disorders and ADHD influence each other.