我国船舶融资租赁中存在的抵押权缺位问题

On Absence of Mortgage in China's Shipping Finance Lease

抵押是船舶融资的基础,是船舶经营者向融资机构获取资金的主要担保形式,但目前我国大多数银行系金融租赁公司的船舶融资租赁业务均存在抵押权缺位现象。本文从法律角度分析了船舶抵押权和所有权在海事受偿顺序上的差异,解释了租赁模式下所有权的特殊性,并揭示了未设立抵押导致租赁公司的风险增加。同时,本文对银行系金融租赁公司忽略抵押的原因和背景进行了梳理,在借鉴国际航运金融业通行做法的基础上给出了逐步解决的方案和建议。

As the very foundation of ship financing,mortgage is the major form of guarantee for ship operators to obtain funds from financing institutions.However,shipping financial leasing business among most of the bank-affiliated financial leasing companies in China is confronted with the absence of mortgage.From a legal point of view,the article analyzes the differences between mortgage and ownership in the order of repayment of Maritime debt.It explains the special rights of ownership in lease mode and holds that the absence of mortgage leads to an increasing risks of leasing companies.Based on the exploration of the reasons and the background of mortgage neglect by bank-affiliated financial leasing companies,it puts forward step-by-step plans and suggestions with reference to the prevailing practices of the international shipping financial industry.