精饲料油菜籽水平对肉牛生产性能及肉品质的影响

Effects of Rapeseed Level in Concentrates on Performance and Meat Quality of Beef Cattle

本试验旨在探讨精饲料油菜籽水平对肉牛生产性能及肉品质的影响。选取40头体况良好、平均体重为(447.00±35.67)kg的西门塔尔杂交牛,随机分为4组,每组10头,分别饲喂4种不同油菜籽水平[0(对照组)、8.7%、17.6%和26.0%]的精饲料。预试期10d,正试期90d。结果表明:1)17.6%油菜籽组平均日增重最高,比对照组和26.0%油菜籽组分别高6.40%(P>0.05)和15.03%(P<0.05)。2)胴体重、屠宰率及净肉率均随油菜籽水平的增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中17.6%油菜籽组胴体重显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),对照组屠宰率和净肉率显著低于17.6%油菜籽组(P<0.05)。3)精饲料油菜籽水平对肉牛眼肌面积、大理石花纹、高档肉块重、肉骨比及肉质常规成分均无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)17.6%油菜籽组肉样剪切力最低,显著低于对照组(P<0.05),肉样嫩度最好。综合各项指标,精饲料油菜籽水平为17.6%时,能够显著提高肉牛生产性能和肉品质。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rapeseed level in concentrates on performance and meat quality of beef cattle. A total of 40 healthy crossbred Simmental beef cattle with initial weigh of （447.00± 35.67 ） kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 heads in each group, beef cattle were fed concentrates containing 0, 8.7%, 17.6% and 26.0% rapeseed, respectively. The experiment lasted 100 days including a 10-day adaptation period and a 90-day formal period. The results showed as follows ： 1 ） average daily gain （ADG） in 17.6% group was the highest, which was 6.40% （P 〉0.05） and 15.03% （P 〈 0.05 ） and higher than that in control group and 26.0% group, respectively. 2 ） With the increase of rapeseed level in concentrates, carcass weight, dressing percentage and net meat percentage all tended to be increased firstly and then decreased, carcass weight in 17.6% group was significantly higher than that in the other groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）, dressing percentage and net meat percentage in control group were significantly lower than those in 17.6% group （P 〈0.05）. 4） Shear stress in 17.6% group was the lowest, and was significantly lower than that in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. The tenderness was the most considerable. In conclusion, feeding 17.6% rapeseed in concentrate can improve performance and meat quality of beef cattle.