1Ghajar J,Hariri R J,Narayan R K,et al.Survey of critical caremanagement of comatose,head-injured patients in the UnitedStates[J].Crit Care Med,1995,23(3):560-567.
2Jeevaratnam D R,Menon D K.Survey of intensive care of severelyhead injured patients in the United Kingdom[J].BMJ,1996,312(7036):994-997.
3Wani A A,Ramzan A U,Furqan Nizami M S,et al.Contraversy inuse of mannitol in head injury[J].IJNT,2008,5(1):11-13.
4杨宝峰.药理学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:350.
5Winkle S R,Munoz-Ruiz L.Mechanism of action of mannitol[J].Surg Neurol,1995,43(1):59.
6Luviotto T L,Auer R N,Sutherland G R.The effect of mannitol onexperimental cerebral ischemia revisited[J].Nurosurgery,1996,38(1):131-138.
7Ganm C,Holnmin S,Mathiesen T.Temporal profiles and cellulasources of three nitric oxide svthases isoforms in the brain after ex-perimental contusion[J].Neurosurgery,2000,46(1):169-177.
8Donato T,Shapira Y,Artru A,et al.Effect of mannitol on cerebro-spinal fluid dynamics and brain tissueedema[J].Anesth Analg,1994,78(1):58-66.
9Hartwell R C,Sutton L N.Mannitol intracranial pressure,and va-sogenic edema[J].Neurosurgery,1993,32(6):444-450.
10Andrews R J,Bringas J R,Muto R P.Effects of mannitol on cere-bral blood flow,blood pressure,blood viscosity,hematocrit,sodi-um,and potassium[J].Surg Neurol,1993,39(6):218-222.
8Qian L L,Liu C Q,Zhuang W Z. Neonatal respiratory failure:a 12-month clinical epidemiologic study from 2004 to 2005 in China[J].{H}PEDIATRICS,2008,(5):1115-1124.
9Mokra D,Drgova A,Mokry J. Combination of budesonide and aminophyline diminished acute lung injury in animal model of meconium aspiration syndrome[J].J Physi Pharmacol,2008,(6):461-471.
10Svedov SI, Prima V, Kirk DR, et al. Morphologic and biochemical char- acterization of brain injury in a model of controlled blast overpressure exposure [ J ]. J Trauma,2010,69 (4) : 795 -804.
