不同NPK配比施肥处理对新疆红富士苹果糖分积累的影响

Effects of different proportions of N,P and K fertilizers on sugar accumulation in Xinjiang Fuji apple

为了研究不同营养配比对新疆红富士苹果糖分积累的影响情况,以新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁州霍城县的6年生红富士苹果树为研究对象,采用氮N、磷P、钾K三因素二次回归正交施肥试验设计,在苹果树生育期内进行了田间施肥试验,对苹果的总糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量等指标进行了测定,并分析了不同施肥处理与果实糖分积累的关系。结果表明:新疆红富士苹果为己糖积累型果实,不同生育期新疆红富士苹果果实糖分积累都以果糖为主,占总糖含量的52%～67%;在幼果期和膨大期,氮肥和磷肥对果实糖分积累的影响较大,而在着色期和成熟期,钾肥的作用则较为明显;各种营养元素对苹果总糖含量影响的大小顺序为钾>磷>氮,且氮和磷对其总糖含量的影响是正面效应的,而磷与钾对其有正交互作用。

In order to study effects of different nutrient proportion on sugar accumulation in Xinjiang Fuji apple, taking 6 years of Red Fuji apple trees in Huocheng County of Xinjiang as research objects, by using quadratic regression orthogonal design of three factors of N, P and K, a field fertilization experiment was carded out at apple growth and development period, relationship of different fertilization treatments and sugar accumulation in fruits was analyzed through determining total sugar, sucrose, fructose and glucose contents in apple. The results show that fruit of Xinjiang Red Fuji apple is the type of hexose accumulation, fructose is main accumulated sugar at different growth and development period of Fuji apple, which accounts for 52%-67% of total sugar. At the young fruit stage and the fruit development stage, N and P fertilizers have big effect on fruit of sugar accumulation, while the effect of K is obvious at the coloring stage and the mature stage. The nutrition elements in order from high to low are K, P, N, based on the effect on total sugar content, N and P have positive effect on total sugar content, and P and K have positive interaction.