贵州省平坝县1999-2010年甲型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological features of viral hepatitis A in Pingba county of Guizhou from 1999 to 2010

目的了解平坝县甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)流行特征,为制定防治对策提供依据。方法对平坝县1999-2010年甲肝疫情作描述性流行病学分析。结果平坝县1999-2010年甲肝发病率波动在4.60/10万～57.23/10万之间,年均发病率为17.91/10万,大约4～5年一个流行周期。高发年份(2004、2008、2009年)存在局部聚集性疫情。全年均可发生,低发年份(2005、2006、2007、2010年)无明显季节性,高发年份以冬春季为发病高峰;各年龄组均可发病,5～20岁发病最多共238例,占46.67%;职业发病顺位由高到低依次为学生(302例)、农民(165例)、散居儿童(49例)和幼托儿童(24例)。结论平坝县甲肝发病率呈周期性起伏,需扎实开展甲肝疫苗常规接种工作以维持低发病水平。

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of viral hepatitis A so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control.Methods The epidemic data of viral hepatitis A from 1999 to 2010 in Pingba county was analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method.Results The prevalence of viral Hepatitis A infection fluctuated between 4.60 to 57.23 per 100 thousands population with the average annual incidence of 17.91.The epidemic cycle was about 4-5 years.During high incidence years,most infections occurred in spring and winter with clustering patients in some areas.However during low incidence years,there was no obvious seasonal distribution of patients.The infection rate was the highest among those aged 5-20 years although anyone could get HAV infection.Students were much more vulnerable to HAV infection followed by farmers,children in day-care.Conclusions The incidence of viral hepatitis A is periodically up and down in Pingba.It is still critical to strengthen conventional vaccination in order to maintain low incidence level in the future.