近20年西昆仑地区冰川动态变化遥感研究

Remote sensing study of glacier dynamic change in West Kunlun Mountains in the past 20 years

依据西昆仑地区1991—2009年Landsat TM/ETM+遥感图像,获取近20 a西昆仑地区冰川及其冰川融水形成的郭扎错和阿克赛钦湖的动态变化信息,并结合气候资料,分区域综合分析冰川、湖泊变化与气候变化的关系。研究结果表明:①在1991—2009年间,西昆仑冰川有显著变化,但东、西区存在较大差异。其中东区处于先减少,后增加,再减少的波动状态,而西区则处于持续减少状态。与此同时,郭扎错具有先扩大,后缩小,再扩大的变化现象,而阿克赛钦湖则在不断地缩小。②西昆仑冰川与郭扎错、阿克赛钦湖之间,存在着重要的相互作用关系,在数量上成反比。③在2000—2005年间,西昆仑冰川与湖泊面积变化差异产生的主要原因是温度,随着温度的升高,冰川面积减少,湖泊面积增大,三者的变化具有线性关系。

Based on the Landsat TM/ETM＋ remote sensing images from 1991 to 2009, the authors obtained the dynamic change of the West Kunlun glaciers as well as the Gozha Co and the Aksayqin Lake, with the climatic data, analyzed the change relationship between the glaciers, the lakes and the local climate in different regions. The conclusions of this paper are as follows： ① In the period of 1991 to 2009, the West Kunlun glaciers were changing obviously, but the east part and the west part show different characteristics. That is, the glaciers of the east part firstly decreased, then increased, and decreased again. The change was fluctuated. However, the situation of the west part was different： the glaciers were decreasing continuously. Meanwhile the Gozha Co was firstly enlarged, then narrowed, and enlarged again while the Aksayqin Lake was narrowed continuously. ② In the West Kunlun glaciers, there existed important interaction relationship between the Gozha Co and the Aksayqin Lake, showing an inverse ratio in quantity. ③ From 2000 to 2005, the main factor responsible for the difference in area between the West Kunlun glaciers and the lakes was the temperature. With the growing temperature, the area of the glaciers decreased while that of the lakes increased. The variation showed linear relationship.