老年人生活信心及其影响因素分析

The study of life confidence and the influencing factors of the elderly

目的探讨广州市老年人生活信心及其影响因素，构建老年人生活信心影响因素的结构方程模型。方法采用问卷法对广州市176名老年人的生活信心及其影响因素进行调查，并对调查数据进行分析。结果接受调查的老年人生活信心在年龄、文化层次、户籍性质、医保等变量上差异无统计学意义；在性别、婚姻状况、居住情况等变量上差异有统计学意义；在生活自理、身体疾患、与家庭成员关系、生活保障、焦虑、抑郁等变量上差异亦有统计学意义。回归分析发现，生活自理能力、身体疾患、生活保障、抑郁、焦虑5个因素进入回归方程。结构方程建模发现，老年人抑郁、焦虑、生活保障对其生活信心有直接效应，生活自理能力和身体疾患对生活信心既产生直接影响，还通过影响焦虑对生活信心产生间接作用。结论老年人生活信心受人口学特征、社会经济状况及心理症状等诸因素的影响，需要引起老年心理卫生工作者的积极关注。

Objective To investigate the factors affecting life confidence of the elderly, construct the structural equation model of influencing factors of life confidence of the elderly. Methods Data were collected through individual interviews in which standardized questionnaires were completed by 176 old people. Results There was nonsignificant difference between age, cultural level, household register, medical insurance with life confidence of the elderly. While there were significant differences between sex, marital status, residence with life confidence of the elderly. There were highly significant differences between self-care, physical illness, and family relationship, social security, anxiety, depression with life confidence of the elderly. Regression analysis found that self-care, physical illness, social security, anxiety, depression entered the regression equation. SEM found that depression, anxiety, social security have a direct impact on the life confidence of the elderly. Self-care, physical illness had beth direct and indirect influence on the life confidence of the elderly. Conclusions Those mental health workers should concern that demographic situations, social security, psychological status have significant correlation with the life confidence of the elderly.