大兴安岭北坡火烧迹地植被恢复后枯落物与土壤持水能力研究

Litter and Soil Water-holding Capacity of Burned Area in Northern Slope of the Great Khingan after Vegetation Restoration

对大兴安岭经过1987年“5．6”大火重度火烧后恢复的4种林分类型的枯落物和土壤持水能力进行了研究。结果表明：4种林分型林地枯落层和土壤层的持水量存在差异，枯落物现存量变化范围在8．65thm-2-37．84thm-2之间，枯落物最大持水量为兴安落叶松林〉樟子松林〉白桦林〉山杨林，人工恢复下林地的枯落物持水量要好于天然恢复下林地的枯落物持水能力。土壤总孔隙度的变化范围在51．46％～66．59％之间，土壤最大持水量分别为白桦林665．9thm-2、兴安落叶松林597．5thm-2、山杨林559．5thm-2、樟子松林514．6thm-1。依据林地最大蓄水量来判定，4种林分类型林地水源涵养能力为兴安落叶松林（721．28thm。）〉白桦林（715．8thm。）〉山杨林（598．1thm。）〉樟子松林（573．35thm-2）。因此，兴安落叶松林和白桦林的林地持水能力要好于樟子松林和山杨林。

Soil and litter water-holding capacity of four stand types in the Great Khingan were studied after vegetation restoration where serious forest fire ＂5.6＂ of 1987 occurred. The results showed that, there were differences in litter and soil water-holding capacity among 4 stand types. The standing crop of litter varied from 8.65 t hm-2 to 37.84 t hm-2 and the order of maximum water-holding capacity of litter decreased as Larix gmelini plantation 〉 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation 〉 Betula platyphlla natural forest 〉 Pobulus davidiana natural forest, and the water-holding capacity of litter under artificial restoration was better than those under natural restoration. The total porosity of soil varied from 51.46% to 66.59%. The maximum water-holding capacity of soil ordered as 665.9 t hm-2 for Betula platyphlla natural forest, 597.5 t hm-2 for Larix gmelini plantation, 559.5 t hm-1 for Pobulus davidiana natural forest and 514.6 t hm-2 for Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation. According to the maximum water storage of the four forest types, their waterretaining capacity ordered as Larix gmelini plantation （721.28 t hm-2） 〉 Betula platyphlla natural forest （715.8 t hm-2） 〉 Pobulus davidiana natural forest （598.1 t hm-2） 〉 Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation （573.35 t hm-2）. Therefore, the water-holding capacity of Larix gmelini plantation and Betula platyphlla natural forest was better than Pobulus davidiana natural forest and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation.