广东南岭国家级自然保护区兰科植物物种多样性及其保护

Species diversity and conservation of orchids in Nanling National Nature Reserve,Guangdong

所有野生兰科植物均在《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的保护之列,但是对于广东南岭国家级自然保护区内兰科植物的资源状况仍不清楚。为此,作者于2004-2009年对保护区内兰科植物进行了详细调查,同时查阅了国内主要标本馆馆藏的保护区标本并参考文献记录,发现保护区有兰科植物49属121种,其中地生兰75种,附生兰40种,腐生兰6种,主要集中在石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)(10种)、虾脊兰属(Calanthe)(10种)、斑叶兰属(Goodyera)(10种)、羊耳蒜属(Liparis)(8种)、玉凤花属(Habenaria)(7种)、兰属(Cymbidium)(6种)等。其中只有少数种类在保护区内广泛分布,大多数种类均零星分布,数量稀少。区系分析显示,属的区系以热带性质为主,而种的区系则以温带成分更为明显,说明保护区的区系成分比较复杂,热带亚洲成分和东亚特别是中国-日本分布类型在保护区发生了强烈的融合,具有明显的亚热带特征,并与中国台湾植物区系有密切关系。此外,针对保护区内兰科植物的保护现状,作者呼吁有关部门对电站工程进行合理规划,并建立相关的法规政策,加强对保护区内兰科植物非法采集买卖的管制。

All known wild species of Orchidaceae are listed in the Convention on International Trade in En- dangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora （CITES）. However, species diversity of orchids in Nanling Na- tional Nature Reserve, China, is not well known. Based on field work, inspection of herbarium specimens, and previous records, 121 species in 49 genera of Orchidaceae are listed for the reserve. Of these, 75 species are terrestrial, 40 are epiphytic and 6 are saprophytic. Species fall mainly within genera such as Bulbophyl- lure （10 species）, Calanthe （10 species）, Goodyera （10 species）, Liparis （8 species）, Habenaria （7 species） and Cyrnbidum （6 species）. A few species are widespread showing great abundance in the reserve, but most are rather rare having narrow distributions. Tropical type genera tend to dominate, although temperate or- chids are more common at the species level. This indicates that the orchid flora is rather complex, being a mix of tropic Asian types and East Asian types, particularly of Sino-Japan kind. Thus the orchid flora of Nanling N. N. R has an obvious subtropical character, with affinities to that of Taiwan. We appeal for rea- sonable plan on eastablishing power stations and related rule of law should be found to control the illegal trade of the wild orchids in Nanling N. N. R.